منتديات دفاتر التربوية التعليمية المغربية

A Task-based approach
Task -based Learning offers an alternative for ******** teachers. In a task-based lesson the teacher doesn't pre-determine what ******** will be studied, the lesson is based around the completion of a central task and the ******** studied is determined by what happens as the students complete it. The lesson follows certain stages.
Pre-task
The teacher introduces the topic and gives the students clear instructions on what they will have to do at the task stage and might help the students to recall some ******** that may be useful for the task. The pre-task stage can also often include playing a recording of people doing the task. This gives the students a clear model of what will be expected of them. The students can take notes and spend time preparing for the task.
Task
The students complete a task in pairs or groups using the ******** resources that they have as the teacher monitors and offers encouragement.
Planning
Students prepare a short oral or written report to tell the class what happened during their task. They then practice what they are going to say in their groups. Meanwhile the teacher is available for the students to ask for advice to clear up any ******** questions they may have.
Report
Students then report back to the class orally or read the written report. The teacher chooses the order of when students will present their reports and may give the students some quick feedback on the content. At this stage the teacher may also play a recording of others doing the same task for the students to compare.

Analysis
The teacher then highlights relevant parts from the text of the recording for the students to analyse. They may ask students to notice interesting features within this text. The teacher can also highlight the ******** that the students used during the report phase for analysis.
Practice
Finally, the teacher selects ******** areas to practise based upon the needs of the students and what emerged from the task and report phases. The students then do practice activities to increase their confidence and make a note of useful ********.
The advantages of TBL
Task-based learning has some clear advantages
Unlike a PPP approach, the students are free of ******** control. In all three stages they must use all their ******** resources rather than just practising one pre-selected item.
• A natural context is developed from the students' experiences with the ******** that is personalised and relevant to them. With PPP it is necessary to create contexts in which to present the ******** and sometimes they can be very unnatural.
• The students will have a much more varied exposure to ******** with TBL. They will be exposed to a whole range of lexical phrases, col********s and patterns as well as ******** forms.
• The ******** explored arises from the students' needs. This need dictates what will be covered in the lesson rather than a decision made by the teacher or the coursebook.
• It is a strong communicative approach where students spend a lot of time communicating. PPP lessons seem very teacher-centred by comparison. Just watch how much time the students spend communicating during a task-based lesson.
• It is enjoyable and motivating.
• Conclusion
PPP offers a very simplified approach to ******** learning. It is based upon the idea that you can present ******** in neat little blocks, adding from one lesson to the next. However, research shows us that we cannot predict or guarantee what the students will learn and that ultimately a wide exposure to ******** is the best way of ensuring that students will acquire it effectively. Restricting their experience to single pieces of target ******** is unnatural.
For more information see 'A Framework for Task-Based Learning' by Jane Wills, Longman;'Doing Task-Based Teaching' by Dave and Jane Willis, OUP 2007.
Also see www.willis-elt.co.uk